emery



5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

- A. H. EME'RY. V GONSTR'UOTING AND ASSEMBLING A LWAY \R'AILS, THEIRJOINTS,

AND 011 s.

No. 496,555. I Patent-ed May'Z, 1893.

Si 3 i r (No Modpl.) 5 Sheets-Shee; 2.

.. A H: M RR OONBTRUOTING AND ASSBMBLING RAIEW'AY-RAILS, THEIRJOINTS,

' I AND CHAIRS.

Patente'df May' 2,1893,"

NOL v 496,555;

-./n zre iztor,'

lln l iii,

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

V .A. REMEBY. 00N$TRUOTING 'AND-ASSEMBLING RAILWAY RAILS, THEIR JOINTS,

I A 'ND- CHAIRS. 4 N .1,496,555 I PatentedMay 2,1893. E I 1 I9. L5

(R0 .Hodel.)

. v -5 Sheets-Sheet 4. I A.-H.EMERY GOHSTBUGTING AND AssfiMBLING;RAILWAY RAILS, THEIR, JOINTS,

AND cums.

" T concern:

ITED S ireimf mm *PALBE r iH." J mmy; on STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT:-

V a .Ithat-KL AL BERT iZe i "of thellnited States, residing at,Stq'mfoird," i n l the county of Fairfieldnnd-Stete of 5 ,Qon'necticrit,have invented ;new' and "useful Improvements in the Art of Constructingand Hi EMERY, a

,j: Assembling i'Railway-Railsflheir Joints andi Chairs; ofwhich thefollowing 'is 'a-s'pecificajtie-11. I i o I, I f m invention isapplicable to-the constructionih'd combining of the'parf's of compound vIfe'ilwa rfl-rails, as-jwel'l as to the eon'strnc'tion and combiningofsimple railswith thei, '..joint-.-- -platesjandchairs; the sameprin'ciplebeing'im 15; cident to, both uses of the invention] as willlncarry nrfo tmy man w p ive pans to". be n n'i'tied,I-\vhethcr; they bet'vi 15mm of'itconijihuoii'scompolrndfi'eil, or a si 2o 'iile 'rhil'endits joint plates ahd'chairs, ares constructed:andcombined;thattheyhave-ber.

I tween"them, esingle'lead bearihg seat which?v receives theentirevertical load Which-is p n;

uponthejrail ahd one for more pressnreins dlicing seats; which establishand maintain an jnirial and continuous pressure u'pon theloadbearingseahso as to make a perfectly firm beg-ring; and prevent any movement,between I and cjonsequently" any wear on], the meeting 0 faces of theparts. This. result can ,prectig' 'jcfallyonfly'beobtainedby the use ofa singleloadfbearirig seat, or plane of contact between thosepartsfwhichreceivet-he vertical load put fijponjf'th'e rail. igl f two such seatsare em- 'loyfed; there is in practice,' usually no contact 1"'animperfect-contact'upon oneor-the other any; hpoi If The respectiveparts to be 'e'ombined are cbssmetedwim alng-or'flange, and a recess dr'sn aller in width then the flange, said flange re'eess; f- A e i,

'jsec iiqu lqf imp r l t e chair and 1 pl te and fish-plate 4 beingshown in elevi l {AN o'lksstmetme" RAlLWAY-iRAlL, THEIR JOINTS ANDeagles ers icnmon-rormifi ait of ne er s en no. .4ee555; fiater f mey2;; m5,

1;,A licatio file uprme,1892. .s rinm; 429,982}. (Home Y F togethen To'seciire them against separation by jars or lateral strains, they.are-bolted or be sppplelnented by'suitable fish-plates at the x ,e' apart-of a continnous compound mil or a-ehair-,.'or oint-plate, theprinciple of combining is the-same,

mglssiv like-au bers end'iertersiiaeiezhiiig like "or jco'rr esponqi'ngparts throughout the several viiews;.an'd. ih Whichw-a =1the'afra-il'p'roper wh'erfthe reiljis not compound i m 4 orflthe goint-plate and chair if-thelrail isnot together, orthe rail 1 and chairs-2, when the the rivets .or bolts which secure'th'e {Iii-H51 2 andfish-plate! together, w

Figure 1 shows a, compound o-raillofgdeepsection :for usewithdeeppaiving and towhich my inventionis applied. l -Fig.- 2,is aj-sideele ing'in 'the"'dir ect ion -0f the arrow, "Fig. 1. Figs, 3 to inclusive. are"vertical transverse plates which are shown in elevation as iwiil' innerr sn-p dee he or Shown by Fig; 1031-; Figulg'shows a vertical transverseiuqn. Fig. li'showslaj -(s'id'e elevation or the -sizme frbm thejoint-P13139 or outer-side of -"the'jrailand'showing both. 'ajoint-plate and. emu; Fig; {"shows a vertical transverse; .seotionofi,s. rail 1 and chair '2 in elevation,

where the' fle'nge 'entending from "the rail into riveted together, andthese bolts orlri-vets-mey 1 1 Myi-nven tionis" illustrated" by the seemn panyinggd rawings 'containing'fiftejen' 'figa res, gi-nfvvhich thepsrts 'are numbe'red'fromlto compound; 3, the rivets for"bolts-whichsec'nrej the-parts l-sja'nd 2 of thecompound rail rail isnot'conipoundflt, the fish plate-and 5;, 1

vation of the "same, on a. smallers'cnrle'; look-1 Whether the lowermember ofthe 6o My inven tionirelate's. also to certainfe'atures'relative to the .location'of the bolts-foris the'g'pper; member ortread' pmiimi of '1' wer member if. the rail is i'eoihponni sections; ofrailg-iwi'which various forms of my'in-vention-arensed for combiningtherail proper or tread portionwith chairs and joint- 0 fherein after'befully described i-n'd-et-ail. Figs; lhgnd 1-2 are side'elevations,showingfner" specti velyjvthe outeror jointlete side anti 4 the chair isof modified form. The upper.

member .or tread-portion 1 has a treadc upon which the wheel runs, butin all the views except in Figs. 5, 7 and 10 I haveshown a flange e,which stiffens the rail and provides a con,- venient tread for thewheels of vehicles;

in all the views there is shown what I term the load-bearing face, a,which in addition to the initial pressure pnt u-pondt in assembling,recci 'es the entire vertical" load'pnt npon'or passing over the rail.In Figs. 3 and 4, this load'bearing face CL is shown atjt'he top of thelower member 2, while in all the other figures, thisloadhearing seat'ais shown at thebottom of-the upper member or tread-portion 1.

This 'load bearing: face a is on the upper side of the flanges in Figs.3 ,and land 0n the lower side rof theflan'ge e, in all the otherfigures. This flange e is-shown in Figs. 3 and. 4,

projecting from the lower member 2, into a.

recess in the upper member 1, while in 'all the other figures theflanges is shown projecting from the web. (I,- into the recess in thelower member 2, this flange inall these cases being v at the bottomofthe member 1 of the rail,

and projecting from one side of the web d, into the'lower member 2.'lhiskflangehas a face I) opposite the face a, the plane of which isslightly inclined to that of l the facea, forming a wedge which isforced by heavypress- 'u're into the similarlyforme'd but somewhatsmaller recess in the" other member. The

faces a and b-being thns inclined, and the recess being smaller than theflange e, which is forced into it, a heavy initial pressurelis putupon'both theseopposin g face's. a is the loadr none, the anglebetweenthe planes of the seats bearing face as before mentioned and 61call the pressure-i'nd ucingsurface because in forcing these partstogether when thus constructed a heavy pressure is induced on both'thesesurfaces. That thisp'ressure shall be continmust be much less than theangle which'would cause the parts to slip-from each other. This angleshould be very small but not so small but that the fiangewould readilyenter the recess and still tighten-firmly inbeing forced to its seat.Either one ofthese faces may be normal to the plane of the web d ofthe-treadportion 1, and the wedging produced by the.

inclination of the other as shown in Figs. 3,

and 4; but I prefer that construction in which both .these faces areinclined as shown in all the other figures. The construction may be madewith the two faces parallel and the 'flange c slightly larger then therecess into which it is made to go,=in which'case, for convenience inassembling the entering corners of the flange, slionldbe rounded orbeveled.

In Fig. .1 5 is" shownfth'e modification in whichtheil'aii'geeisdivided' into, two parts i d uei ng sn rfaces giving t'woiniti instead offoneff'tlie combined'jpressnre of which will bereceived'an'd" borheby the load bearing surface a. The diilicnlty,however, in making the flange 8 with two pressure-1nlugging seats is sogreatas to render its adoption undesirable. To insure pressure on theseat a Fig. 15 a portion of the flange e, is cut away at It, so thatitshall not bear upon the part 2 at that point.-

Inconstructing the'parts, they are rolled hotin theusual' way, carebeing taken that the "flange e islar'ger thanthe recess into which it isto go.

If the rail is a compound rail, the work will be much facilitated bycold rolling 'or cold-pressing the load-bearing and pressure-inducingsurfaces of both the flange e and the recess into which it is to go,bringing these bearing surfaces: to thesameeidgle, and the fitting partsto finished size, so'as' to require the m- .to be i f'orcedobutatverysmall distance in assembling in the fieldqfori-final use. 1 Thissame, cold rolling of the-upper member 1, and-lower member 2 willfacilitate the assembling of theflparts. also, when the ;part 2 is notacontinuous railfl but is sawed up toform chairs and joint plates asillustrated in alltt-he figures shown excepting Figs; .1. and 2. The:cold-rolling of the pressurejbearing surfaces of these two parts may bereplaced by. planing, milling, origrinding. A

Ordinarily in the case of compound rails I preferthe cold rolling asmentioned, before sending the parts to the field for assemblingin place,but in case' the lower member 2 is notscontinuons, as illustrated in allthe figures except. 1 and'2, but is sawed'up to form joint-plates .andchairs, it will usually be found most economical to dispensewith thecold-rolling, pressing, grinding, planing or milling of thesepartsbefore assembling, special care being taken du'ring finishing ofthe hot-rolling that the enteringflangee and its corresponding seat inthe other member are of such relative sizes that when forced togetherthere willbe heavypressure' on the ,bear-ing'faces, ayand b, butusing-care also surfaces at and b,'whe n parts land 2 are fullyassembled, to strain the part 2 around-the,

flange e, nearly or quite up to its elastic limit.

To accomplish this without the cold-rolling or other cold-fitting, theflangee, will bestybe madefso large relatively to the recess into whichit is to be forc ed, that imfOrcing the p'ax ts together, thebearing-surfaces'or seats aand bare forcedap'art to an extentbeyondthat" permitted by the elastic limit" of the menu:- 'Inthis case,unless the metal iii-which the recess is formed is properly supportedthe part containing said recess will be unduly distorted; It-shpuld}therefore be so supported its; recess: smallwhile the parts areibeingforced together that the whole of th e metal connecting. the seats a andb opposite the flange eand included between the dotted lines ie'nd j,Fig. 1 will be stretched permanently without'undue distorand after the.metal is removed from the press, that part of tion oi the-flower memberthe metal between thelines 'i and 3' Fig.1 will notwithstandingthefacesflfrt', andb' are so slightly inclined that ntent of pressure onthese surfaces will hold these parts tightly togather, they must beriveted'orbolted together by the rivets or bolts aana-s; to preventseparetion by laterals'hoeks or strains.

Where a deep paving id'requimd, Wooden stringers may bedispe'nsd withand the rails spiked directly to cross'-ties, by making the lower member2,lifigh, as shown in Figs. 1, 12,13 and 14; In Figsilland 2 the lowermemeerie shown as a Jcontinu'ous rail, while in Figs. 13snd'l4the'm'ember 2 is composed of,

joint-plates and chairs-2.-

The chairsand joint-plates shown in all the figures except Figsland 2mayboth be made from the same-bars, 'and have similer'seotionsflrequiring one setof rolls for their-production,

or they may be sawed from bars of diiferent sections as shown in-Figs.8, 10, 11-, 12, 13

In Fig. 9, 1 have shown a chair also secured to the upper member whileFig. 7 shows a jointplate connecting two upper members 1 with afish-plate 4 covering the joint.

Fig. 8 shows the upper member insection with a low chair 2, inelevation, secured to the upper member by rivets 3 while behind thischair and rivets is shown a joint-plate 2 r and fish-plate 4 secured to.two adjoining members 1 by rivets 5.

in Figs. 5, 7, 8,10, 11, 12,13 and 14 the joint-plate is much higherthan is needed for .a chair and has an extension f which reaches upnearly to the tread a. This makes the joint-plate much stifier, andsupports the rails better than if low. In case the jointplate is securedto the uppermember 1, bye. singlerow of rivets or bolts 5, as shown inFigs. 5, 7 and 8, the extension f of the ointplate 2, is provided with abig g which rests against the member 1, whereby lateral supis shown thesame length as the joint-plate2 and secured to the rail 1. by two rowsof ri'vets 5, ,whilein Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and s the fishf-f" plates andjoint-platesare secnred to the rail .1 eye single row of rivets or bolts'5.- When the joint-plates are wide as shown in Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13 and14 and are about one yard or more long with the flange e tightly fittingin the recess in the joint-plate 2 as described, the rail andjoint-plate are here much stiffer than 'is the solid. rail itself awayfrom the joint and this joint is made still firmer by the use of thefish-plate 4 so that by this construction, we may make a continuous railwhich is stiifer and stronger at the joint than elsewhere and so stiffand firm at the-joint that there is no slidingor working of any part.when the wheels passover it. This joint is readily put together sofirmly that when buried in the ground up to the flange e or tread (pasthey usually are, the changes of temperaturewhioh occur from time totime will not give strains of tension or compression togthe railsuificien't to cause slipping at the joint often if at all. In some ofthe figures, the flangeie is shown strainer-row wedge and secured inposition by bolts ,on rivets 3 and 5 which are to one side thereofandnot passing through the flange. In case of jars: or lateral shocks,the flange e will'ibe better sustained in its place and there is muchless danger of distorting in assembling if theboltsor rivets 3 or 5 passdirectly through the flange between the bearing seats, .a and b,w'hich'is accomplished by' making a wide wedge as shown in Figs. 6, 9,10, 11, 12,. 13, 14, and, In case the lower rail or rails are notcontinuous but are sawed up into joint-platesand'chai'rs, thechairsshould be assembled with the upper rails in the mill or shop, theadjoining members being suitably punched, and forced together by astrong press and bolted or rivet-ed as shown. The joint-plate willnecessirily be pressed to its seat'on the adjoining ends of the rails,at the time of assembling and then permanently secured by bolting orriveting. By the term lower-member Ircfer to that part of thestrueturewhich-transmits the entire load from the npper member which receives it,to the cross-ties or sfi iingers, and it may be the continuous rai-l'o'rthe joint-plate or the chair. The crosssectionof this'lower member and.the manner of combining the same with the upper member may be the same,whether it be a continuous rail,a joint plate or a chair.

Having thus described my invention, the

following is what I claim as new therein and desire to secure by LettersPatent:

1 .--In a: railway 'raih'the'combination of the tread-portion 1receiving the whole load put upon the rail, and the base-portion 2,transmitting the whole of the same to the ties or stringers, one ofwhich has a recess and the other of which has a. slightly wedging-flangeforced tigli-tlyfinto saidrecess'; 'wherebylthe purpose set forth.

which said flange tightly fits when forced together, said fiange a'ndrecess having bet ween load-bearing seat a and the pressnre-indncing-seat I) receive the initial and continuous heavy pressure causingthe parts to seize each other firmly, as explained.

2. In a railway rail, the combination oi the tread-portion 1, and thebase-portion :2, pro Vided one with a flange and the other with recess;said flange and recess being wedge shaped and formed with a load-bearingseat a and the initial pressure-inducing seat 31, slightly inclined toeach other whereby when forcedtogether heavy pressure. is put upon thebearing facesof these seats a and 5, can ing the parts to seizeeach-other and hold firmly together, substantially as and for the 3. Inarailway rail, the combination of the tread-portion l and thebase-portion 2, formed each with a deep verticalwel's givingverticalstiflt'ness at'all points of the rail, one being provided witha-w'edge shaped flange and the other having a corresponding'recess intowhich said flange tightlyfits, said flange and recess having betweenthem'the load-bcarin seats at and the pressure indncing snriaces, b,-theangle between the planes 'o'f'which is too small to induce slippingwhereby the heavy pressnreput upon these parts by fore- .ing themtogether, causes them to firmly seize each other, substantially as andfor the par pose set forth' r 7 4. In a railway rail, the combination ofthe tread-portion 1, or rail properjand the-baseportion 2, provided onewith a flange and the -otherv with a -tease; said llangef and recessbeing sligh tl'y -w edge shajjed andqforming the load be'arin'g seats *aand the pressure-Milne ing se'atslb,-th e plane oftheload-bearing seatsaiboingnea'rly or quite normal to the web of the ail substantially ashereinhefor'e explained. In a railway rail,theconibination of thetread-portion 1, and the base-portion 2, each formed with a deepvertical web giving verti cal stiffness at all points, one beingprovided with a slightly wedgeshaped flange and the other having acorresponding recess into them theload-beari n g seat/a and the pressureinducingseat b, and the securing belts or rivets passing.thronghsaid'parts between the seats a and b, the'plane of; said lc'adbearing seatibeing nearly or quite normal to-the web of the rail,substantialiyas anclfor the purpose seiltf or'tli; l

6-. cet a'lailway-ra-il consisting-of thev tread c,- the vertical .iwnb*daanii-va. lateral flange e on said web,toriiiedirwithti load-bearingseat a and a .pressure-inildciaigtsat b, the planes 'of-- saidseatsbeingslighhliy Milin t'cveach other, substantially asand tel-idlep'iirpose sen-forth. :2. iAimilyy. railchn sis'ii'ng' ofijtlie tread22;" and thesis rtical iveb gli-hat ing emitlangevc; with a:pressui'eii-nd-ucing sear brass theparts being forcedtogether bypressure,

having slight inclination to each other, sub stantially as set forth. p/

i 8. It. railway rail consisting bf the tread c, the vertical web d andthe la .eral dang e at the bot-tom of said web, form .d with theloadbearing seat a and the press ire'inducing-seat h, the planes of saidseats eing slightly inclineci to each her, substantially as setforth.

The combination of a'railwayrail, consisting of the tread cand/thevertical ,w'eb d, havinga lateral flange 9 formed at thebottom oithe web with thvt load-bearing seat a and the pressure-ind nci 7: g seat12, whose planes are at a slight angle t/o each other; and the chair orjoint-plate Z liaVinga recessfoi'med' with seats fitting theload-bearingand;.pressrs-inducing seats /on the flange, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth. I 4

10. In a railway rail; the combination with thetread-portionconsistingof the tread cand the vertical web having alateraliflange a formed with theload-bearing seat-a and thepressure-inducing seatb; of the lowermemher 2, having a recess formedwith seats fit- 9o ting the inad-bearing and pressure-inducingy seats,on the Flange, and the vertical extension f for sti ffcni hg the lowermember and bracing the web {substantially as set forth. 1

' 11. in arail-way rail, the combination with the tread portion 1,consisting of the tread .c, the web 9?, and the flange eformed with theI load-bearing and pressure-inducing seats a and b; {at the lower member2, havingia recess formed to receive said flange as explained and havingthe extension f for stiffening the lower member and bracing the web;said tread-portion and lower member beingsecured together by the .boltsor rivets passing through the flange e, and through the extension. f,for the purpose sctforth.

12. Ina railway rail, the combination of the tread-portion 1, consistingof the tread c, the web Z, and the flange e; the lower member orbase-portion 2 recessed to rcceive-thejlange' e, having the extension fand secured to the treadportion by means of the boltsor rivets 5; saidextension having the bossg fountain staining at its upper end thebearing the web (2, as explained. 1' 13. In a railwayrail, thecombinationof the adjoining tread-portions 1, the lower member orbase-portionil, formed with asingle loadbearing seat a, anda single "ssure-induci-ng seat 1) between them, sub plained and the clamping fishf Aingnpon the web of the tread'portions for the purpose set forth.

14. A railway rail, consisting of'the treadportion 1,- and thebase-portion 2; one of said .parts having a slightly wedging lateralflange, .ian'd. the other a lateral recess; said flange and reccs'sibeing formed with, the "load-bearing seat a, nearly normal to the web ofthe rail,

'Iba

a load-bearing seat a at the bottom of the web; the planes of thefacesof said seats I) and a and secured substantially as set forth.

15. The method of combining the parts 1.

teases v flange'and recess constitute the pressure-inducing andload-bearing faces I) and a, and subsequently forcing the flange intothe re cess by heavy pressure bringing and maintaining great pressureupon the load-bearing' and pressure-inducing surfacesa and b, makingthem seize and hold tightly together and prevent wear of the same.

16.. The method of combining the parts 1 and 2,01 railway rails, whichconsists of forming one of said parts with a slightly wedging lateralflange and the other withacorrespondlug Zateral recess of smaller sizethan the flange, said flange and recess being formed with thelcad-bearing and pressure-inducing 2e surfacesa and b; then suitablyadapting the sizes of the flange and recess tofeach other;andsnbseque'ntly forcing the flange into the recess by heavy pressureand securing them, substantially in the manner explained; whereby greatpressure is brought and maintained upon the load-bearing and pressureinducing surfaces a and b, causing them to wedge and hold tightlytogether and preventing wear of the same.

ALBERT H. EMERY. Witnesses:

HERVEY S. KNIGHT, ALBERT H. EMERY, Jr..

